id: 561

name: Wheat

flavor_bible_name_variants: barley,beer wheat,bulgur wheat,grains,wheat

flavor_bible_pairings_ids: beef,butter,garlic,lemon thyme,mirepoix carrots celery onions,mushrooms cultivated,mushrooms wild,olive oil,onions,oregano,parsley flatleaf,pepper white,sage,salt kosher,savory,scallions,soups,stocks chicken,stocks vegetable,thyme,tomatoes,vinegar sherry

status: draft

source: foodb,flavor_bible

food_db_name: Wheat

flavor_db_name_variants: wheat

name_scientific: Triticum

description: Wheat (Triticum spp. ) is a cereal grain, originally from the Levant region of the Near East and Ethiopian Highlands, but now cultivated worldwide. In 2010, world production of wheat was 651 million tons, making it the third most-produced cereal after maize (844 million tons) and rice (672 million tons). Wheat was the second most-produced cereal in 2009; world production in that year was 682 million tons, after maize (817 million tons), and with rice as a close third (679 million tons). This grain is grown on more land area than any other commercial food. World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. Globally, wheat is the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, having a higher protein content than soybeans or the other major cereals, maize (corn) or rice. In terms of total production tonnages used for food, it is currently second to rice as the main human food crop and ahead of maize, after allowing for maize's more extensive use in animal feeds. Wheat was a key factor enabling the emergence of city-based societies at the start of civilization because it was one of the first crops that could be easily cultivated on a large scale, and had the additional advantage of yielding a harvest that provides long-term storage of food. Wheat contributed to the emergence of city-states in the Fertile Crescent, including the Babylonian and Assyrian empires. Wheat grain is a staple food used to make flour for leavened, flat and steamed breads, biscuits, cookies, cakes, breakfast cereal, pasta, noodles, couscous and for fermentation to make beer, other alcoholic beverages, or biofuel. Wheat is planted to a limited extent as a forage crop for livestock, and its straw can be used as a construction material for roofing thatch. The whole grain can be milled to leave just the endosperm for white flour. The by-products of this are bran and germ. The whole grain is a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, and protein, while the refined grain is mostly starch.

itis_id: 42236

wikipedia_id: Wheat

picture_file_name: 575.jpg

picture_content_type: image/jpeg

picture_file_size: 751715

picture_updated_at: 2012-04-20T09:37:55.000Z

legacy_id: 602

food_group: Cereals and cereal products

food_subgroup: Cereals

food_type: Type 1

created_at: 2011-02-09T00:37:49.000Z

updated_at: 2019-05-14T18:05:27.000Z

creator_id: null

updater_id: null

export_to_afcdb: true

category: specific

ncbi_taxonomy_id: 4564

export_to_foodb: true

public_id: FOOD00561